HINDU ENCYCLOPEDIA

सनातन धर्म भूमिका

IAST International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration

devnagari IAST Pronounce just like the letter marked red
Vowels devanagari IAST Pronounciation - Example
acut, but, run, sun
ācop, mar, bar, car, master
ipit, sit, fit, if
īneed, seed, see, feel
uput, full
ūsoon, moon, boot
merrily
e
esay, may
aisite, might, light, my
omore, sore, toe, oh
auout, now
अंsum (Anusvara: Pronoused only half the syllable)
अःhalf (Visarga: modifies previous vowel)
Sanskrit Consonants - Vyanjana
k keen, kick
kh lockhead, inkhorn
g go, gut
gh log-hut
singer
c chain, church
ch catch
j judge, jug
jh hedgehog
ñ french
ten, tub
ṭh ant-hill
den, dog
ḍh godhood, redhead
under
t math, thin
th thumb, withheld
d gather, mother, then
dh breathe, adhere
n not, net, nose
p pen, pat
ph loop-hole, shepherd
b bn, bun, bag
bh abgor
m mother, man
y yard, yes, yet
y yard, yes, yet
r run, red
l luck, life,lid
v avert, water
ś sure, deutsche
shoe, ship, show
s sun, sing, sit
h hot, hut, hit
ḻa
ज्ञ yajna, jnanam jna yajna, jnanam
oṁ
s s is , a conjunction that indicate अ ( a ); mā+am ṛtat become māsmṛtāt
Anudatta or falling tone used while reciting Rik Mantras
Udatta or rising tone used while reciting Rik Mantras
Anusvara is pronounced half m
Visarga is the expirate pronoused depending on the previous vowel
क: Kaḥ kaha
वी: viḥ Kavihi
धु: dhuḥ madhuhu
Symbol of vowels with other letters (Eg: with प)
pa
पा
ि पि pi
पी
पे pa
पै pai
पु pu
पू
पृ pṛ
पॄ pṝ
पो po
पौ pau
Sthana The Place of pronounciation
Throat अ:
Palate
Cerebral
Teeth
Lips (<प (<फ
Nose अं
Throat + Palate
Throat + lips
Teeth + Lips
Base of Tongue

(<क

(<ख

Prayatna - The effort of Pronounciation as the amount of air expelled while pronouncing a letter

The letter which require less air to be expelled are called Alpa-prana and the letter which require more air are called Maha-prana (Marked red)
अं अ: